Browsing results for Broad topics
Published on April 29, 2018. Last updated on October 13, 2018.
Ameka, Felix Kofi (1986). The use and meaning of selected particles in Ewe. MA thesis, Australian National University.
When studying particles – regardless of the language they belong to – it is not enough to describe their distribution and to provide labels. We must go beyond descriptions and, in an attempt to come up with a reliable guide to usage, elucidate the meanings encapsulated in the particles, in a manner that is linguistically precise and as far as permissible culturally and socially revealing. This is the task undertaken in this study, with special reference to the author’s native language, Ewe.
We describe and defend an illocutionary semantic approach to the particles. In essence, we advocate a method of analysis that decomposes the illocutionary forces of particles into their components, which are expressed in a language that is simple and intuitively intelligible. The test for our analysis is that the formulations (explications) should be substitutable for the particles (salvo sensu) in any of their possible uses.
Research carried out in consultation with or under the supervision of one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) (particles)
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on September 10, 2018.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1986). A semantic metalanguage for the description and comparison of illocutionary meanings. Journal of Pragmatics, 10(1), 67-107. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(86)90100-1
A more recent publication building on this one is chapter 6 (pp. 197-254) of:
Wierzbicka, Anna (1991, 2003). Cross-cultural pragmatics: The semantics of human interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
In this paper, the author argues that the illocutionary force of an utterance constitutes an integral part of its meaning. She proposes a unified descriptive framework which makes it possible to integrate illocutionary analysis with the syntax and semantics in the narrower sense of these terms. A wide range of constructions are examined and their illocutionary force is fully spelled out. The analysis takes the form of decomposition of illocutionary forces into their components, which are formulated in a kind of simplified natural language based on a postulated system of universal semantic primitives. It is argued that decomposition of illocutionary forces offers a safe path between the Scylla of the orthodox performative hypothesis and the Charybdis of the ‘autonomous grammar’ approaches to speech acts which once again try to divorce the study of language structure from the study of language use.
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on September 10, 2018.
Wierzbicka, Anna (Ed.) (1986). Particles. Journal of Pragmatics, 10(5) (Special issue).
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on March 14, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1986). Two Russian speech act verbs: Lexicography as a key to conceptual and cultural analysis. Folia Slavica, 8(1), 134-159.
Abstract:
This article studies in some detail two characteristic Russian speech act verbs: donosit’ доносить and rugat’ ругать, comparing them with a number of related English verbs. The Russian verbs that were chosen are at once extremely interesting and extremely challenging, from a semantic as well as from a pragmatic point of view. The analysis reveals the precise semantic structure of both verbs and, at the same time, demonstrates the value of the semantic metalanguage on which it relies as a tool for a cross-cultural comparison of speech acts and speech genres.
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) ask, (E) condemn, (E) curse, (E) denounce, (E) dob in, (E) donosit' доносить, (E) inform on, (E) order, (E) rebuke, (E) report, (E) reprimand, (E) rugat' ругать, (E) scold, (E) tell tales on, (E) threat, (E) warn, (E) yell at
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on August 19, 2018.
Hudson, Joyce (1986). An analysis of illocutionary verbs in Walmatjari. In George Huttar & Kenneth Gregerson (Eds.), Pragmatics in non-western perspective (pp. 63-83). Dallas: University of Texas at Arlington. PDF (open access)
The twenty-two illocutionary verbs analyzed here represent the main speech acts of Walmatjari, an Australian Aboriginal language spoken along the Fitzroy River in the North of Western Australia. In my description, I follow the approach developed by Wierzbicka (1972, 1980), according to which explications of illocutionary verbs are given in terms of a small set of semantic primitives. The first of the verbs looked at (many) corresponds to the semantic primitive SAY. The others are semantically related to the following list of English verbs: tell, call (out), ask, request, order, respond, refuse, deny, stop, rebuke, prevent, forbid, demand, advise, sing, curse, tease, anger, laugh, talk, scold, quarrel, abuse, scream, confront, speak straight, say what you mean, cause shame, embarrass, stand in, take someone’s part.
Research carried out in consultation with or under the supervision of one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) jakuljula, (E) jangkuman, (E) japirlman, (E) japirlyung, (E) jarrmany, (E) jingnyaka, (E) jinjinyung, (E) jirnapung, (E) jula, (E) kurntayikuji, (E) lirrkarnpung, (E) marra, (E) nganymany, (E) nginarrmany, (E) panypanymany, (E) papajarra, (E) pinajula, (E) pinakangka, (E) pinayungka, (E) purntukang, (E) tajjula, (E) tarrurumany, (E) warralpung, (E) yinpa
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on September 10, 2018.
Harkins, Jean (1986). Semantics and the language learner: Warlpiri particles. Journal of Pragmatics, 10(5), 559-574. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(86)90014-7
Particles in Australian Aboriginal languages play a crucial role in conveying complex semantic and pragmatic information, posing some seemingly intractable problems for both the descriptive linguist and the language learner. Looking at some Warlpiri particles used for disclaiming authorship, expressing certainty, casting doubt, limiting an assertion, and suggesting something different, this paper attempts to show how a careful semantic analysis might lead to the formulation of descriptions sufficiently clear and explicit to be of practical use. It is argued that hypotheses as to meaning must be stated explicitly in order that they may be verified, or modified as necessary.
Tags: (E) kapi/u, (E) kari, (E) karinganta, (E) kulanganta, (E) marda, (E) murra, (E) nganta, (E) ngarra, (E) ngayi
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on January 13, 2023.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1987). English speech act verbs: A semantic dictionary. Sydney: Academic Press.
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) absolve, (E) abuse, (E) accept, (E) accuse, (E) acknowledge, (E) acquit, (E) add, (E) admit, (E) admonish, (E) advise, (E) advocate, (E) affirm, (E) agree, (E) allow, (E) announce, (E) answer, (E) apologize, (E) appeal, (E) apply, (E) appoint, (E) approve, (E) argue, (E) ask, (E) assert, (E) assure, (E) attack, (E) authorize, (E) baptize, (E) bargain, (E) beg, (E) bemoan, (E) beseech, (E) bet, (E) bewail, (E) blackmail, (E) blame, (E) blaspheme, (E) bless, (E) boast, (E) book, (E) calculate, (E) call, (E) call for, (E) call on, (E) cancel, (E) challenge, (E) charge, (E) chat, (E) christen, (E) claim, (E) command, (E) comment, (E) compare, (E) complain, (E) compliment, (E) concede, (E) conclude, (E) condemn, (E) confess, (E) confide, (E) confirm, (E) congratulate, (E) conjecture, (E) consent, (E) consult, (E) content, (E) contradict, (E) converse, (E) convict, (E) convince, (E) counsel, (E) count, (E) counter, (E) credit, (E) criticize, (E) curse, (E) dare, (E) debate, (E) decide, (E) declare, (E) decline, (E) decree, (E) deduce, (E) defend, (E) defy, (E) demand, (E) denounce, (E) deny, (E) deplore, (E) describe, (E) direct, (E) disagree, (E) disapprove, (E) discuss, (E) dismiss, (E) dispute, (E) dissuade, (E) emphasize, (E) enquire, (E) enthuse, (E) estimate, (E) exclaim, (E) excommunicate, (E) excuse, (E) explain, (E) exult, (E) farewell, (E) forbid, (E) forecast, (E) forgive, (E) gather, (E) give, (E) gossip, (E) grant, (E) greet, (E) guarantee, (E) guess, (E) hint, (E) implore, (E) imply, (E) infer, (E) inform, (E) inform on, (E) inquire, (E) insinuate, (E) insist, (E) instruct, (E) insult, (E) intercede, (E) interrogate, (E) introduce, (E) invite, (E) joke, (E) justify, (E) lament, (E) lecture, (E) maintain, (E) moan, (E) mock, (E) nag, (E) name, (E) narrate, (E) negotiate, (E) note, (E) notify, (E) object, (E) observe, (E) offer, (E) order, (E) pardon, (E) permit, (E) persuade, (E) plead, (E) pledge, (E) point out, (E) praise, (E) predict, (E) prescribe, (E) presume, (E) proclaim, (E) profess, (E) prohibit, (E) promise, (E) pronounce, (E) prophesy, (E) propose, (E) protest, (E) prove, (E) quarrel, (E) query, (E) question, (E) reassure, (E) rebuff, (E) rebuke, (E) recant, (E) recapitulate, (E) reckon, (E) recommend, (E) recount, (E) refuse, (E) refute, (E) reject, (E) relate, (E) remark, (E) remind, (E) renounce, (E) repeat, (E) reply, (E) report, (E) reprimand, (E) reproach, (E) reprove, (E) request, (E) require, (E) reserve, (E) resign, (E) resolve, (E) retort, (E) reveal, (E) ridicule, (E) say goodbye, (E) scold, (E) sentence, (E) speculate, (E) state, (E) stress, (E) suggest, (E) sum up, (E) summarize, (E) summon, (E) suppose, (E) suspect, (E) swear, (E) talk, (E) tell, (E) testify, (E) thank, (E) threaten, (E) urge, (E) veto, (E) volunteer, (E) vote, (E) vouch for, (E) vow, (E) warn, (E) welcome, (E) wish, (E) wonder
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on March 14, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1987). Predict, prophesy, forecast: Semantics and lexicography. In Roberto Crespo, Bill Dotson Smith, & Henk Schultink (Eds.), Aspects of language. Studies in honour of Mario Alinei: Vol. 2. Theoretical and applied semantics (pp. 509-523). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Abstract:
It is easy enough to say, as has become trendy in linguistics, that the concepts embodied in the three closely related verbs studied in this paper are linked by ‘family resemblance’, and that the boundaries between them are fuzzy. But where do we proceed from there? How do these words differ from one another? Dictionary users have the right to expect guidance and assistance. Their needs will not be met if a general slogan of ‘fuzziness of human concepts’ is all that the dictionaries of the future can add to the dictionaries of the past.
The present paper is predicated on different assumptions. It assumes that Plato’s golden dream of capturing the invariant, necessary and sufficient components of a given concept was realistic, not utopian. It offers a methodology with the help of which the dream can be fulfilled. That it really can be fulfilled is demonstrated not by abstract discussion but by actually doing what it has been alleged is impossible to do, i.e. by defining the three verbs in such a way that both the similarities and the differences between their meanings are explicitly shown. The tool required to carry out the task is a language-independent semantic metalanguage based on natural language; it makes rigorous comparison possible and at the same time ensures the elimination of the vicious circles that have plagued traditional dictionaries in general, and dictionaries of synonyms and related words in particular.
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) ask, (E) forecast, (E) order, (E) predict, (E) prophesy
Published on October 13, 2018. Last updated on October 19, 2019.
Bramley, Nicolette Ruth (1987). The meaning of ‘love’ and ‘hate’ and other emotion words in Japanese and English. BA(Hons) thesis, Australian National University.
Rating:
Research carried out in consultation with or under the supervision of one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 18, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1987). Kinship semantics: Lexical universals as a key to psychological reality. Anthropological Linguistics, 29(2), 131-156.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/30027968
Abstract:
Is it possible to discover the psychologically real meaning of kinship terms? Some maintain that it is not, because of the non-uniqueness of possible semantic analyses. Others argue that any search for psychological reality is threatened by an almost unavoidable ethnocentrism, resulting from the use of ‘ethnographer’s English’, or any language other than that of the informants. The present paper argues that both these problems can be overcome if semantic analysis is carried out in terms of lexical universals.
More information:
A more recent publication building on this one is:
Chapter 9 (pp. 329-354) of Wierzbicka, Anna (1992), Semantics, culture, and cognition: Universal human concepts in culture-specific configurations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rating:
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on September 10, 2018.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1988). Emotions across culture: Similarities and differences. American Anthropologist, 90(4), 982-983. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1988.90.4.02a00260
A reply to Konstantin Kolenda’s rejoinder to the 1986 AA paper on human emotions (vol. 88, pp. 584-594). No abstract available.
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on October 19, 2019.
Goddard, Cliff (1988). Review of Zoltán Kövecses, Metaphors of anger, pride and love: A lexical approach to the structure of concepts. Lingua, 77(1), 90-98. DOI: 10.1016/0024-3841(89)90041-7
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) angry, (E) proud
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on March 14, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1988). The semantics and lexicography of ‘natural kinds’. In Karl Hyldgaard-Jensen, & Arne Zettersten (Eds.), Symposium on Lexicography III (pp. 155-182). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
Abstract:
The views advanced in the present paper can be summarized as follows:
- The names of animals (and of other ‘natural kinds’) can, and should, be defined.
- In defining such words (as any other words), scientific knowledge should be distinguished from meaning; the place for scientific knowledge is in an encyclopedia, the place for meaning is in a dictionary.
- In defining words for animals, the lexicographer should aim at capturing the ‘folk concept’. This means that the cultural stereotypes are just as important for a good definition as ‘objective’ information concerning the appearance or behaviour of the animal in question.
- Definitions should be couched in simple and generally understandable terms. The defining vocabulary should be very restricted and should be standardized; it should also be maximally culture-free and based, as far as possible, on lexical universals.
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) cat, (E) tiger
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 16, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1988). The semantics of grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.18
Abstract:
This book presents a radically semantic approach to syntax and morphology. It offers a methodology that makes it possible to demonstrate, on an empirical basis, that syntax is neither autonomous nor arbitrary, but that it follows from semantics. It is shown that every grammatical construction encodes a certain semantic structure, which can be revealed and rigorously stated, so that the meanings encoded in grammar can be compared in a precise and illuminating way, within one language and across language boundaries. The author develops a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals or near-universals (and, ultimately, on a system of universal semantic primes) and shows that the same semantic metalanguage can be used for explicating lexical, grammatical and pragmatic aspects of language. She thus offers a method for an integrated linguistic description based on semantic foundations.
Analysing data from a number of different languages, the author also explores the notion of ethnosyntax and, via semantics, links syntax and morphology with culture. She demonstrates that the use of a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals makes it possible to rephrase the Humboldt-Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in such a way that it can be tested and treated as a program for empirical research.
Table of contents:
I. The semantics of syntax
1. The semantics of English complementation in a cross-linguistic perspective
2. Ethno-syntax and the philosophy of grammar
3. The semantics of causative constructions in a cross-linguistic perspective
4. The Japanese ‘adversative’ passive in a typological context (Are grammatical categories vague or multiply polysemous?)
5. Why can you have a drink when you can’t *have an eat?
6. The semantics of ‘internal dative’ in English
II. The semantics of morphology
7. The meaning of a case: a study of the Polish dative
8. The semantics of case marking
9. What’s in a noun? (Or: How do nouns differ in meaning from adjectives?)
10. Oats and wheat: mass nouns, iconicity, and human categorization
More information:
Chapter 2 builds on: Ethno-syntax and the philosophy of grammar (1979)
Chapter 4 builds on: Are grammatical categories vague or polysemous? The Japanese ‘adversative’ passive in a typological context (1979)
Chapter 5 builds on: Why can you have a drink when you can’t *have an eat? (1982)
Chapter 6 builds on: The semantics of ‘internal dative’ in English (1986)
Chapter 7 builds on: The meaning of a case: A study of the Polish dative (1986)
Chapter 8 builds on: The semantics of case marking (1983)
Chapter 9 builds on: What’s in a noun? (Or: How do nouns differ in meaning from adjectives?) (1986)
Chapter 10 builds on: Oats and wheat: The fallacy of arbitrariness (1985)
Rating:
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags listed below are in addition to those listed at the end of the entries for the earlier work on which this book builds.
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 17, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1989). Prototypes in semantics and pragmatics: Explicating attitudinal meanings in terms of prototypes. Linguistics, 27(4), 731-769.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1989.27.4.731
Abstract:
This paper shows how pragmatic meanings encoded in different forms of address (such as titles, ‘polite’ pronouns, and personal names, including their expressive derivates) can be portrayed in a rigorous and illuminating way in NSM, and that such explications allow us to make the similarities and the differences between different pragmatic categories clear and explicit – both within a language and across language and culture boundaries.
It is argued that abstract features such as ‘solidarity’, ‘familiarity’, ‘(in)formality’, ‘distance’, ‘intimacy’, and so on do not provide adequate tools for the description and comparison of pragmatic meanings, because they are not self-explanatory and because they do not have any constant, language-independent value. (For example, the ‘distance’ implied by the English title Mr. is different from that implied by the French title Monsieur; and the ‘familiarity’ implied by Russian forms such as Misa or Vanja is quite different from that implied by English forms such as Mike or John.)
It is shown that many pragmatic meanings have a prototypical semantic structure: they present emotions and attitudes in terms of certain prototypical human relationships, rather than in terms of fully specified mental states and social relations. In particular, social and existential categories, such as children, women, and men, or people one knows well and people one does not know, provide important signposts in the universe of human relations encoded in language. The exact role such prototypes play in different pragmatic categories can be shown in a precise and illuminating way in verbal explications constructed in the proposed metalanguage.
Translations:
Into Polish:
Chapter 2 (pp. 49-81) of Wierzbicka, Anna (1999), Język – umysł – kultura [Language, mind, culture]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
More information:
More recent publications building on this one are:
Chapters 7 and 8 (pp. 225-307, 309-325) of Wierzbicka, Anna (1992), Semantics, culture, and cognition: Universal human concepts in culture-specific configurations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rating:
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) (personal names), (E) Father, (E) given names, (E) madame, (E) mademoiselle, (E) miss, (E) monsieur, (E) Mr, (E) Mrs, (E) Ms, (E) nicknames, (E) Pan, (E) Pani, (E) Professor, (E) red, (E) salty, (E) Sir, (E) uncle, (E) vous, (E) vy, (E) woman, (E) wy
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 17, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1989). Soul and mind: Linguistic evidence for ethnopsychology and cultural history. American Anthropologist, 91(1), 41-58.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1989.91.1.02a00030
Abstract:
The Russian word duša ‘soul’ has a much wider scope of use than the English word soul and embodies a different folk psychology (fully congruent with what has been described as the Russian “national character”). The English word mind stands for an Anglo-Saxon folk category that has been reified as an objective category of thought. The decline and fall of the concept soul and the ascendancy of mind in English are linked with changes in the cultural history and in the prevailing Western ethnophilosophy.
Translations:
Into Polish:
Chapter 14 (pp. 522-544) of Wierzbicka, Anna (1999), Język – umysł – kultura [Language, mind, culture]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
More information:
A more recent publication building on this one is:
Chapter 1 (pp. 31-63) of Wierzbicka, Anna (1992), Semantics, culture, and cognition: Universal human concepts in culture-specific configurations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rating:
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) duša душа, (E) mind, (E) soul
Published on August 16, 2018. Last updated on October 19, 2019.
Hanrahan, Jo (1989). Verbs of love and dependence in the Japanese language. Master’s thesis, Australian National University. PDF (open access)
This thesis examines a group of Japanese words which express emotion, at the heart of which is the concept of ‘amae’ , the desire for love and attention from another person. The emotions expressed by the words discussed herein are common to all human beings and form the core of all cultures. It seems that human feelings of fondness vary, depending on the depth of the relationship existing between the people concerned. It is in the expression of these emotions that peoples differ. It is suggested that the differences are not in the way people feel, but in the way their culture conditions them to behave in communicating their feelings. Only the prototypical use of the verbs in which the concepts are expressed are defined in semantic primitives, although the peripheral uses are commented on separately.
Research carried out in consultation with or under the supervision of one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) aisuru 愛する, (E) amaeru, (E) amayakasu, (E) horeru 惚れる, (E) kawaigaru, (E) koisuru 恋する, (E) meokakeru, (E) suki 好き, (E) tayoru, (E) toriiru
Published on May 10, 2017. Last updated on September 15, 2018.
Ameka, Felix (1990-91). How discourse particles mean: The case of the Ewe “terminal” particles. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 12(2), 143-170. DOI: 10.1515_jall.1991.12.2.143
The main claims of this paper are that particles have meanings and that these meanings can be discovered and stated in a linguistically precise manner. Discourse particles, in particular, have meanings in addition to the syntactic, discourse and communicative functions in terms of which they are usually described. It is argued that the syntactic and discourse functional levels should be augmented by a semantic explication of the particles that would constitute a reliable guide to their usage.
The claims are tested and supported through an analysis of the Ewe particles lá and ɖé. These particles have been characterized as phrase and clause terminal particles because they occur at the end of preposed dependent phrases and clauses and at the end of embedded relative clauses. The author contends that the particles have a unitary function: they mark a piece of discourse as forming the conceptual background to the rest, or part of the rest, of an utterance or discourse. Semantic representations couched in a Natural Semantic Metalanguage of hypothetical universal primitives are proposed for the various senses of the particles, which can explain the similarities and differences in their range of use. The paper concludes with a discussion of some cross-linguistic analogues of the Ewe particles.
Research carried out in consultation with or under the supervision of one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Tags: (E) ɖé, (E) lá
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 17, 2019.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1990). The meaning of color terms: Semantics, culture, and cognition. Cognitive Linguistics, 1(1), 99-150.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1990.1.1.99
Abstract:
It has been claimed that the semantics of basic colour terms in all languages directly reflects the existence of pan-human neural response categories. But how can language be “directly” linked to neural responses? Language reflects conceptualizations, not the neural representation of colour in the pathways between the eye and brain. The link between the neural representation of colour and the linguistic representation of colour can only be indirect. The way leads via concepts. Sense data are “private” (even if they are rooted in pan-human neural responses), whereas concepts can be shared. To be able to talk with others about one’s private sense data, one must be able to translate them first into communicable concepts.
This paper argues against the current accounts of colour semantics and proposes a new interpretation of the evolutionary sequence discovered by Berlin and Kay. Although our colour sensations occur in our brains, not in the world outside, and their nature is probably determined to a large extent by our human biology (which links us, in some measure, with other primates), to be able to communicate about these sensations, we project them onto something in our shared environment. The author argues that colour concepts are anchored in certain “universals of human experience”, and that these universals can be identified, roughly speaking, as day and night, fire, the sun, vegetation, the sky, and the ground.
Translations:
Into Polish:
Chapter 11 (pp. 405-450) of Wierzbicka, Anna (1999), Język – umysł – kultura [Language, mind, culture]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
More information:
A more recent publication building on this one is:
Chapter 10 (pp. 287-334) of Wierzbicka, Anna (1996), Semantics: Primes and universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rating:
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on November 11, 2018.
Wierzbicka, Anna (Ed.) (1990). The semantics of emotions. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 10(2) (Special issue).
Table of contents (NSM-based studies only):
The grammatical packaging of experiencers in Ewe: A study in the semantics of syntax (Felix Ameka)
Experiential constructions in Mangap‐Mbula (Robert D. Bugenhagen)
Shame/embarrassment in English and Danish (Anne Dineen)
The lexical semantics of “good feelings” in Yankunytjatjara (Cliff Goddard)
Shame and shyness in the aboriginal classroom: A case for “practical semantics” (Jean Harkins)
The semantics of emotions: Fear and its relatives in English (Anna Wierzbicka)
Each paper has its own entry, where additional information is provided.
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
