Tag: (S) crying

(1997) English, Japanese – Non-verbal communicative behaviour


Hasada, Rie (1997). Some aspects of Japanese cultural ethos embedded in nonverbal communicative behaviour. In Fernando Poyatos (Ed.), Nonverbal communication and translation (pp. 83-103). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: 10.1075/btl.17.09has

This paper considers the non-verbal behaviour typical of Japanese people and culture. The focus of discussion are those patterns that often appear incomprehensible or inscrutable in the eyes of non-Japanese people. Special attention is paid to eye-movement, crying, and smiling. The study of these patterns clarifies some important characteristics of Japanese people’s psychology and socio-cultural norms/needs/values in society.


Research carried out in consultation with or under the supervision of one or more experienced NSM practitioners

(2003) Japanese – Attitudes towards emotion


Hasada, Rie (2003). “Cultural script” on Japanese attitude towards emotion. Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Bulletin of Japanese Language Center for International Students, 29, 27-67. PDF (open access)

This paper aims to explicate and define the tacit cultural norms/rules associated with Japanese people’s attitudes towards emotions and the expression of emotion in Japanese culture. It represents these norms/rules in the form of “cultural scripts”, using Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) as a descriptive tool.


Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners