Browsing results for Korean

(2008) Korean – NSM primes, NSM syntax

Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 21, 2019.

Yoon, Kyung-Joo (2008). The Natural Semantic Metalanguage of Korean. In Cliff Goddard (Ed.), Cross-linguistic semantics (pp. 121-162). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.102.10yoo

Abstract:

This is a study into the Korean version of the NSM. Testing against canonical sentences reveals that the hypotheses of NSM theory in terms of lexicalization, syntax, and cross-linguistic translatability at the textual level are generally found to be supported. The findings are summarized, together with discussion of issues that arise in connection with the Korean-based metalanguage. The practicality of the metalanguage as a descriptive tool for semantic analysis is tested and explications of Korean-specific concepts are presented in both English and Korean to demonstrate they are isomorphic.

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Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners

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(2010) English, Chinese, Korean, Russian – Ethnopsychology and personhood / Mental states

Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 18, 2019.

Goddard, Cliff (2010). Universals and variation in the lexicon of mental state concepts. In Barbara C. Malt, & Phillip Wolff (Eds.), Words and the mind: How words capture human experience (pp. 72-92). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311129.003.0005

Abstract:

The first two sections of this chapter provide an overview of NSM research and findings, with a particular focus on mental state concepts. The next two sections show how NSM techniques make it possible to reveal complex and culture-specific meanings in detail and in terms that are readily transposable across languages. Examples include emotion terms, epistemic verbs, and ethnopsychological constructs in English, Chinese, Russian, and Korean. The next section discusses the relationship between linguistic meanings (word meanings) and cognition and elucidates the theoretical and methodological implications for cognitive science. The chapter concludes with the suggestion that people’s subjective emotional experience can be shaped or coloured to some extent by the lexical categories of their language.

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Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners

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(2011) Korean – Ethnopragmatics

Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on June 21, 2019.

Yoon, Kyung Joo (2011). Understanding cultural values to improve cross-cultural communication: An ethnopragmatic perspective to Korean child rearing practices. 언어연구 [The Journal of Studies in Language], 26(4), 879-899.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18627/jslg.26.4.201102.879 / Open access

Abstract:

Understanding cultural values is crucial for successful cross-cultural communication. Child rearing practices can demonstrate what cultural values a particular cultural group shares and cares about as they are often among the most culture-specific recurrent tasks requiring practical solutions. The present study examines one aspect of Korean child rearing practices that is chosen to be a window through which one can see some core Korean values. Based on linguistic evidence, a Korean cultural script is posited to reveal a Korean way of thinking and doing things. It revolves around the ‘fear of other people’s eyes’ and is somewhat related to other culture-specific concepts of shame.

The descriptive principles used in this study are those of the cultural scripts approach as developed within the NSM framework. The study can contribute to improved cross-cultural communication and to a better understanding between Koreans and cultural outsiders by elucidating an indigenous Korean perspective.

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Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners

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(2011) Korean – Interjections

Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on September 10, 2018.

이정애 [Lee, Jeong-Ae] (2011). *NSM에 기초한 국어 간투사의 의미 기술 [The semantic description of interjections in a Korean-based NSM] [In Korean]. 한국어 의미학 [Korean Studies in Meaning], 36.

(2012) Korean – Indirectness

Published on May 12, 2017. Last updated on September 10, 2018.

이정애 [Lee, Jeong-Ae] (2012). *국어의 간접성과 NSM [Indirectness in Korean and Natural Semantic Metalanguage] [In Korean]. 語文學 [Chinese Literature], 118.

(2017) English, Korean – Speech acts

Published on December 8, 2019. Last updated on December 8, 2019.

Yu, Kyong-Ae (2017). Perceptions and functions of Korean mianhada: comparison with American English sorry. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 25(2), 197-224.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.14353/sjk.2017.25.2.07 / Open access

Abstract:

Sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic conventions for apology vary from culture to culture. While the illocutionary purpose of apologizing in English is the speaker’s sense of social obligation and Japanese sumimasen involves social-self with a social alter, this study argues that Korean mianhada is an apology from the speaker’s moral perspective linked with collective-self. Employing NSM, this study discusses that sorry is a separate concept but mianhada is a nebulous concept mixed with other emotions, e.g., thanks and love. In addition, presenting the examples from corpus-based dictionaries, COCA, and the Sejong 21st Century Corpus, this study discusses that sorry is authentically used as indirect and ritualistic apologies while mianhada is used as direct, indirect, ritualistic and substantive apologies. Finally, distinguishing main functions of mianhada into a sincere apology, a pseudo-apology, gratitude, a request initiator, a preclosing signal, and a territory invasion signal to strangers, this study provides cultural and ethnographical explanations.

More information:

Only Kim (2008) has analysed the semantic differences in cultural perceptions between Australian sorry and Korean mianhada using NSM,  but the analysis proposed here for Korean mianhada is different.

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Sound application of NSM principles carried out without prior training by an experienced NSM practitioner

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(2017) Japanese, Korean – Evidentiality

Published on August 14, 2018. Last updated on May 23, 2019.

Asano-Cavagh, Yuko & Lee, Duck-Young (2017). NSM Approach による類義語の意味分析: 日韓の伝達表現を中心に [NSM-based approach to meanings of synonyms: Focusing on hearsay markers in Japanese and Korean]. 日本語學硏究 [Japanese Language Association of Korea], 54, 87-106.

DOI: 10.14817/jlak.2017.54.87 / Open access

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to analyse the evidential markers そうだ souda, らしい rashii and って tte in Japanese and 대 tay and 니까 nikka in Korean from an NSM perspective. そうだ souda, らしい rashii and って tte are used in similar situations and are often translated in English as ‘he/she says’, or ‘I heard’. Although these hearsay markers are considered synonyms, they are not necessarily interchangeable. There are subtle differences that cannot be captured by a dictionary or conventional semantic analysis. The current study shows that the NSM approach is more beneficial than previous research in that it can describe the (dis)similarities of synonyms in a simple and accurate fashion. The study then analyses the Korean markers 대 tay and 니까 nikka, and compares the results with those obtained for the Japanese evidentials. It is demonstrated that the NSM approach is capable of dealing with the semantic properties of markers/expressions in different languages, and that definitions facilitate the understanding of each expression and enable the comparison of meanings cross-linguistically.

More information:

Written in Japanese. The first authors’ name is reported here as per the (incorrect) spelling used in the paper.

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Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners

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(2021) Korean – Language Teaching

Published on August 15, 2021. Last updated on August 15, 2021.

Lee, Jeong-Ae (2021). Using Minimal Language to Help Foreign Learners Understand Korean Honorifics. In Goddard, Cliff (ed.). Minimal Languages in Action. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp 195-221

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64077-4_8

 


Research carried out in consultation with or under the supervision of one or more experienced NSM practitioners

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(2021) Minimal languages – Coronavirus

Published on August 19, 2021. Last updated on August 19, 2021.

Goddard, Cliff. (2021). “Minimal language” and COVID-19: How to talk about complex ideas using simple words. 국어문학 [Society of Korean Language and Literature] 77. (2021): 125-144.

 

Abstract:

This paper presents an expanded version of a keynote lecture given to the annual conference of the Society of Korean Language and Literature (국어문학), 18 February 2021.

This lecture has four Parts. Part 1 briefly discusses ‘Critical communication issues in the pandemic era’, focussing on the need to use clear, simple language that everyone can understand. Part 2 explains what “minimal languages” are and how they have emerged from empirical research in linguistics. Part 3 presents and discusses examples of how to write about aspects of COVID-19 using minimal language. Part 4 addresses the implications for education and public policy.

 


Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners