Chappell, Hilary (1986). The passive of bodily effect in Chinese. Studies in Language, 10(2), 271-296. DOI: 10.1075/sl.l0.2.02cha
In standard Chinese (pŭtōnghuà), besides the regular passive form NP (undergoer) – BEI – NP (agent) – VP, there is a second syntactically related passive with a complex predicate containing a postverbal or ‘retained object’ : NP (undergoer) – BEI – NP (agent) – V – LE – N (part of the body).
This second construction serves as the topic of discussion of this paper. It is shown to be restricted to expressing an inalienable relationship between a person and a part of the body, other relational nouns such as kinship or material possessions being excluded from postverbal position.
It is argued that the postverbal NP is not a case of a ‘retained object’ in Jespersen’s sense as the body part term neither acts as the true semantic undergoer nor can be considered as a kind of second object. This argument is supported by the additional evidence of the postverbal NP not permitting any modification by adjectives or demonstratives.
The interpretation of lasting effect on the undergoer (the affected person) resulting from an adversative passive event is claimed to be a main
semantic constraint of this construction.
Research carried out by one or more experienced NSM practitioners
